[b]6000 B.C.:[/b] The earliest known residents of Scotland establish settlements on the Argyll peninsulas.

[b]A.D. 90:[/b] Romans abandon the hope of conquering Scotland, retreating to England and the relative safety of Hadrian’s Wall.

[b]400–600:[/b] Celtic Scots from Ireland bring Christianity and establish the Dalriadic kingdom in Western Scotland.

[b]1270:[/b] William Wallace, key patriot in deflecting the forces of Edward I of England, who wishes to conquer Scotland, is born.

[b]1306–1328:[/b] Robert the Bruce leads an open rebellion against English hegemony, and England eventually recognizes Scotland’s sovereignty.

[b]1424:[/b] James I is crowned, establishing the Stuart royal line and succession when his son is made king in 1437.

[b]1587:[/b] Mary, Queen of Scots, is executed on orders of her cousin, Queen Elizabeth.

[b]1603:[/b] Mary’s son, James VI of Scotland, accedes to the throne of England as James I — thus unifying the crown.

[b]1707:[/b] The union of England and Scotland takes place and the Scottish Parliament is dissolved.

[b]1750–1850:[/b] Britain experiences rapid industrialization. The Clearances strip many crofters of their farms, creating epic bitterness and forcing new patterns of Scottish migration.

[b]Late–19th century:[/b] Astonishing success in the sciences propels Scotland into the role of arbiter of industrial know-how around the globe.

[b]Mid–20th century:[/b] The decline of traditional industries, especially shipbuilding, painfully redefines the nature of Scottish industry.

[b]1970:[/b] The discovery of oil deposits in the North Sea brings new vitality to Scotland.

[b]1997:[/b] Scotland passes a referendum on “devolution” within Great Britain.

[b]1999:[/b] Elections for the Scottish Parliament are held, and, soon after, Queen Elizabeth opens the first Scottish Parliament in almost 300 years.

[b]2004:[/b] The controversially expensive and much delayed Parliament building opens in Edinburgh.



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